Religions (two traditions) and the Modern World Essay

Religions (two customs) and the Modern World - Essay Example In any case, practically all religions search for the spread of harmony, equity, correspondence and opportunity of thought and activity for the food of request on the planet, just as for the good and otherworldly elevate of the people. Abrahamic religions appreciate entirely good status among the not insignificant rundown of winning beliefs, which incorporate Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Since all these three beliefs see Abraham as their progenitor and the wellspring of profound direction and motivation, they are for the most part called Abrahamic religions. (Hemeyer, 222) The basic arrangement of conviction, idea of the Creator, His holy messengers, prophets and paradise and damnation fire and so on are practically same in these religions, which recognize them from the rests of the beliefs of the world. Judaism is the most seasoned of these three religions, while Islam is the last one among the three. Islam is the second biggest religion of the current world, which looks for its starting point in the Middle East like its ancestor Abrahamic religions. It has its one of a kind philosophy, lessons, strategies and habits of love and essential arrangement of conviction. Being the monotheistic confidence, Islam fervently lays worry after venerating of One God, the Creator and Sustainer of the whole universe and each and everything existing in it. (Hemeyer, 224) Since God has made people for His love, pronouncing different divine beings as like Allah just as deserving of worship is the best sin as indicated by Islamic idea. Islamic lessons order the devotees of the religion to have unabated and unlimited confidence in the Oneness of God, and respecting the Holy Prophet Muhammad (harmony arrive) as the Seal of the considerable number of prophets sent by the Lord on numerous occasions for the direction and government assistance of humankind. Subsequently, confidence in the Oneness of God, imploring God five times each day, keeping quick, paying Zakat (charge as indicated by the pay), and performing of the journey of the Sacred House of God (Al-Haraam Mosque arranged in the city of Makkah)

The Anthropology of Terrorism Free Essays

string(39) the needs for our nations lie. Since the assaults on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, â€Å"terrorism† has been a word that each American has utilized day by day. It has been a long time since these assaults, and our nation is still at war, and we use terms like â€Å"acts of terror† to legitimize our intrusion of their non military personnel space. Actually, I couldn't care less much for fear inspired notions, yet I was intrigued to discover somewhat progressively about the Islamic culture that these â€Å"terrorists† originate from. We will compose a custom article test on The Anthropology of Terrorism or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now While most of the number of inhabitants in Iraq and Afghanistan are rehearsing Muslims, they can not all be characterized as â€Å"terrorists. Truth be told, a great deal of them may characterize Americans and other westernized nations with apparently boundless war controls as â€Å"terrorist† gatherings. There are numerous distinctions from the American perspective on demonstrations of fear, the Iraqi perspective on demonstrations of dread, and the perspective on how the individuals who carry out violations of fear see their own activities. I think it significant that American regular folks, particularly the individuals who are not knowledgeable on our international strategies and the present war circumstance, set aside some effort to perceive how Iraqi regular people and the Muslim populace see the September 11 demonstrations of dread, and the ensuing war contrasted with the individuals who decided to submit these demonstrations. I imagine that most would be shocked when they find that the Islamic religion doesn't really advance those broad â€Å"acts of terror† that they don't bolster the radical gatherings like Al Quaeda, and that our essence in their non military personnel zones, similar to commercial centers may not be important or beneficial for their everyday schedules. All together for some individuals to comprehend these varying perspectives on psychological warfare, I think it is imperative to concentrate on how various individuals may characterize a demonstration of fear. In December of 1994, the Unite Nations General Assembly Resolution 49/60, â€Å"Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism,† portrays fear based oppression as: â€Å"Criminal acts proposed or determined to incite a condition of dread in the overall population, a gathering of people or specific people for political designs are in any situation unmerited, whatever the contemplations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, strict or whatever other nature that might be conjured to legitimize them. Afterward, in 2004 at UN Security Council Resolution 1566 a definition is given, expressing demonstrations of dread are: Criminal acts, including against regular folks, carried out with the goal to cause demise or genuine real injury, or taking of prisoners, with the reason to incite a condition of fear in the overall population or in a gathering of people or specific people, threaten a populace or propel an administration or a worldwide association to do or to sw ear off doing any demonstration. The United Nations adds to the definition again in 2005 at a board, expressing the meaning of psychological warfare as: Any demonstration planned to make passing or genuine real mischief regular people or non-warriors to scare a populace or convincing an administration or a global association to do or avoid doing any demonstration. (â€Å"Various Definitions of Terrorism†) The United Nations has no official meaning of psychological oppression, since some would contend that there is no genuine qualification between a â€Å"terrorist† and a â€Å"freedom contender. In this manner, the United Nation’s portrayals of the term are obscure and consistently incorporate that fear based oppression is â€Å"intimidating† or that it â€Å"provokes terror† on a gathering of individuals. The principal portrayal recorded remarks on the legitimization of these demonstrations, which most others don't. Presently, I might want to call attention to the distinctions in he definitions that are discharged by the Arabic Community and the US. In 1998, the Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism was executed by the Council of Arab Ministers of the Interior and the Council of Arab Ministers of Justice in Cairo, Egypt. They characterized psychological warfare at this show as: Any demonstration or danger of brutality, whatever its thought processes or purposes, that happens in the progression of an individual or aggregate criminal plan and looking to plant alarm among individuals, causing dread by hurting them, or putting their lives freedom or security at serious risk, or trying to make harm the earth or to open or private establishments or property or to possessing or holding onto them, or trying to endanger national assets. â€Å"Various Definitions of Terrorism†) The United States has various meanings of psychological oppression in pretty much every administration organization’s code. In Federal Criminal Code Title 18 of the United States characterizes fear based oppression and records the violations related with psychological warfare. In Section 2331 of Chapter 113(B), characterizes psychological oppression as: †¦activities that include violent†¦ or hazardous acts†¦ that are an infringement of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State and†¦ have all the earmarks of being expected (I) to scare or pressure a regular citizen populace; (ii) to impact the approach of a legislature by terrorizing or intimidation; or (iii) to influence the direct of an administration by mass pulverization, death, or abducting; and†¦(C) happen essentially inside the regional locale of the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬  FBI meaning of fear mongering: The unlawful utilization of power or brutality against people or property to threaten or pressure a Government, the regular citizen populace, or any portion thereof, in encouragement of political or social goals. The meaning of psychological warfare utilized in the United States Army Field Manual FM 3-0, structure 2001 is: The determined utilization of unlawful savagery or danger of unlawful viciousness to instill dread. It is proposed to pressure or scare governments or social orders †¦ [to attain] political, strict, or ideological objectives. The Dictionary of Military Terms utilized by the Department of Defense characterizes psychological oppression as: The determined utilization of unlawful viciousness or danger of unlawful savagery to instill dread; expected to constrain or to scare governments or social orders in the quest for objectives that are commonly political, strict, or ideological. (â€Å"Various Definitions of Terrorism†) I think the distinction in the manner in which our administrations characterize a term that the United Nations finds so questionable shows a gigantic social contrast in where the needs for our nations lie. You read The Anthropology of Terrorism in class Paper models Clearly, since the September 11 assaults, the United States has invested a broad measure of energy thinking of increasingly more to add to the meaning of fear based oppression and have attempted to nearly cause ourselves to appear a greater amount of the person in question. Our Federal Code incorporates mass demolition and death, however expresses that it essentially happens inside the United Stated ward. This is not entirely clear, similar to all code, however it fundamentally implies that we are consistently the survivor of demonstrations of dread and can scarcely ever be blamed for perpetrating the wrongdoing. Be that as it may, in the FBI definition, it says that psychological oppression is utilizing savagery and power to constrain a legislature and its regular people of political and social targets. It is safe to say that we are not utilizing power and advocating for ourselves on the Iraqi government, and each other government that we have been at war with? Has it not all been for a political addition? At that point the military definitions include that activities must be characterized in that manner in the event that they are being dedicated for political, strict, or ideological reasons. In any case, I believe that most Americans, whenever asked would just remember religion for the definition. We have been prepared to feel that way, to just consider psychological warfare to be demonstrations of Jihad, radical Muslims. Americans, since I can recall have consistently been amazingly pleased. We are for the most part genuinely honored to originate from a nation that has a solid military spine, free, open instruction, a similarly flourishing economy, and the open door for social versatility. That being stated, most of Americans are uninformed and uneven on a great deal of policy centered issues. Most are content with acquiring the effectively available data from the news or web and informal. Most don't set aside the effort to instruct themselves on social issues that they remark on day by day. This is the reason individuals are so contradicted to the individuals who practice Islam utilizing their first revision right to opportunity of religion, particularly in the south where most are amazingly biased. The news and the inclusion of the September 11 assaults and the war are to be faulted for this wonder of dreading the individuals who are extraordinary. In Packaging Terrorism: Co-selecting the News for Politics and Profit, Susan Miller scrutinizes the manner in which the media picks which stories to run. â€Å"Threats, peril, dread. These words catch the eye of the perusers and that’s what the media need. Your consideration. Be apprehensive. Be extremely apprehensive. † She shows that there are a lot more alternatives of worldwide stories that our nearby news stations could run, yet those that include Americans or anything including strife in the Middle East, or even accounts of al-Qaeda activity in different nations, will get higher appraisals as â€Å"Big Stories† over stories like the colossal emergency of bombings in Mumbai in 2006, which is a spot and occasion that Americans, all in all, have no strong association with. Be that as it may, our general public is additionally vain, and there are even global occasions that are imperative to us and the activity in the Middle East that continually get bested by â€Å"larger† household stories. A 2006 self destruction shelling of the Golden Mosque, which was near setting off an Iraqi common war was dominated by the Winter Olympics that year. A 2005 shelling was totally dominated by the capturing of Natalee Holloway in

Love, organically

Love, organically DID YOU KNOW? about the pretty awesome freeware photo editing software Picasa, unsurprisingly affiliated with Google? At the request of some commenters, I will have some integration bee sample problems up tomorrow for your integration by parts-ing pleasure. Right now I have a story to tell you. If theres anything I learned from MITblogging, its that Mitra would secretly like to erase all evidence of her existence from the internet. However, you cant go around making embarrassing entries like this one about people and expect nobody to ever post videos of you. Once upon a time at MIT, Sarah Tabacco was a black-clad, curly-haired, fluorine-hating organic chemistry lecturer with impeccable handwriting and blackboard skills beyond reproach. One of the most popular lecturers in the history of the world among students of all majors and genders, Professor Tabacco sought to teach organic chemistry in a rapid, compendious, yet still accessible fashion while emphasizing three major points: 1. Cyclobutene is NOT FLAT. 2. Stereochemistry is the most important thing in the world because of THALIDOMIDE. 3. Fluorine is a TERRIBLE nucleophile. Despite the 59 I received on Dr. Tabaccos second test (my lowest grade at MIT for three semesters), I never stopped loving her, even for one moment. I was unsurprised to find that Mitra had almost exactly the same experience except for her higher score on the test. Thus, both of our hearts sank when we discovered from an upperclassman chemistry major who worked in Dr. Tabaccos lab that she would in fact be leaving MIT to move to New York with her husband, where she had received a faculty position at Raritan Valley Community College. Both of us were, of course, terribly disappointed that she was already married, but even moreso that wed probably never have a chance to see her again after the end of 5.12: Organic Chemistry. So, in the midst of studying for the last exam, poring over pages and pages of notes about strong nucleophiles and SN1 or E2 reactions, enolate equilibria and PCC, carboxylic acids and turning the imaginary steering wheel to the right, we got more than a little exci ted and decided that Dr. Tabacco deserved more than just the 6.7 / 7 she invariably got on the course evaluation of every class she taught at MIT. She deserved a tribute video. And so, we sent Dr. Tabacco an e-mail. Now, I dont have the original text, but if I remember correctly, it went something like Dear Dr. Tabacco, We had a question about organic chemistry. We were wondering if fluorine was a good nucleophile or if it was possible to do an SN2 reaction with a Grignard reagent onto a tert-butyl halide. For the exact nature of our question, please look at this video here. Thanks, Mitra and Samuel Yes, we sent her this video, innocuously titled 5.12 at the time, but which I have since decided to dub Love, Organically. The next morning, we got a response. Now, again, I dont have the exact e-mail to quote for you, but if memory serves my correctly, it went a little something like this Mitra and Samual, [sic] That was totally the coolest thing I ever saw in my life. You guys are the best students ever, and I will remember you and treasure this video until the day I retire. Sincerely, Dr. Tabacco Perhaps my favorite part of this e-mail is that she actually signed it Dr. Tabacco. Im always made uncomfortable by authority figures trying to make me call them by their first namesone of my friends moms always says, Oh, call me Terry! I cant!! Even at my interview with Harvard, the guy said, Oh, call me Tim! and I was like, Ill try. very meekly. And in college its especially awkward when you write an e-mail to a professor asking for a UROP position or recommendation and you call them Dr. Coyne or whatever, and then they write back and say, Oh, Sam, come to my office at 3:00. Best, Wayne. Or, worse yet, they use a nickname like Paula or Kit and you just dont know how youre supposed to address them if you write an e-mail back! Because you cant call a professor by their first name just because you e-mailed them once, you know?. Of course, if I were to become a professor (not going to happen), I would just laugh at the ridiculously formal e-mails students usually write, and write back with lots of exclamation points and randomly capitalized words, and then sign it with something like, Lots of love, Spamtastic Once I had tenure, I mean. Anyway, I digress. The happy ending to our story of organic unity is that we got my TA to take this photograph on the last day of 5.12 for Spring 2004, which hangs on my door to this day. Most coincidentally, this picture was taken on May 12th (5/12) is exactly 512 pixels wide, and has the numbers 5, 1, and 2 in the background above the lecture hall. Do you see how terrible I look next to the radiant Dr. Tabacco? She really is that beautiful. And if you really want to have some fun, check out the OpenCourseWare for 5.12 and 5.13 the semesters Dr. Tabacco taught them. They are truly some of the 21st centurys greatest works of art thus far. and we all lived happily ever after. Now get some sleep.

Cutting A Tax On Junk Food - 961 Words

Raising food taxes is the topic of the editorial article â€Å"Slapping a tax on junk food is still a bad idea† by the Globe and Mail. The writer states that raising taxes is not the answer to decrease high obesity rates and instead suggests that moderation and lifestyle are key to enjoying food. The editorial also acknowledges the increasing amount of attention we give to this problem now that it has grown larger and more complex. Also, an increase of taxes ultimately allow the consumers to have the last say in what they consume. The writer argues that an increase of taxes on junk foods is not necessary for society; my research will focus on whether this is true or not. Tax increases have rippling effects that continue on for generations. â€Å"This problem is much more deeply seated then just an easy fix†¦ there will need to be great societal change for this to happen.† (p. 39) as Bogart points out in the Obesity and its Issues article. Completely eradicating obesity is a complex task that cannot be solved with an inflation of taxes and this has caused debate in addition to rapid change in the world and the economy. Cons of Increased Junk Food Taxes A negative factor of increasing taxes are the suffering of lower income families due to a burden on the welfare dependant. Many of these families cannot afford basic necessities, let alone healthier foods. Considering what items to tax and how to tax them fairly are a primary concern for these families. Taxation of â€Å"junkShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Current Economic State People Look For One Thing1311 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans. There has been an increased popularity in fast food and convenience store establishments that provide quick and energizing products. It is the cheap and convenient way to purchase these foods that is slowly hindering the health of our country. The reason behind the low prices of such unhealthy options provided by fast food restaurants and convenience stores is attributed to the subsidizing of producers of companies making the junk food. These companies have contributed to the increase of healthRead MoreWhy People Shou ld Limit The Junk Food3296 Words   |  14 Pagesthe delicious junk food, whether or not it is slowly killing the consumer. This is why people should limit the junk food that they consume; it is simply a death sentence to the body, mind, environment and economy. Many people do not even consider junk food as real food. It is made to be prepared and served as quickly as possible. While consisting of preheated or precooked ingredients, it is served to the customer in a packaged form in order for a quick and easy take-out. Junk food is sold nearlyRead MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing Field Of Australia1450 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and politics, 2.5% from Tax and theft. Here in this essay, two different companies of Australia will be represented. (Protsch and Solga, 2005) Burger King (Food Industry): Burger King is one of the famous Burger Company of Australia. The company is simple producing fast food or junk food but the issues like animal welfare, nutrition; fat, Islamic relations, etc are the main ethical issues of the company. Junk foods are tasty but they are changing the food habit which is harmful for heartRead MoreSin Tax: Why The Government Should Tax Unhealthy Drinks1274 Words   |  6 PagesSin Tax: Why the government should tax unhealthy drinks and foods Right now it is currently 12:42 am and I am craving a midnight snack so I drive to the nearest store that is open near me. I end up at AMPM a gas and food stop. I go in and head towards the snacks and purchase a bag of hot Cheetos, airheads, and a Large Sprite. Like most college students I do not eat healthy. So that is why I always choose to buy snacks because it is way more convenient and way more affordable it is basically a cheaperRead MoreIs A Fax Tax Really Necessary?1408 Words   |  6 PagesIs a Fax Tax Really Necessary? When it comes to the topic of putting a tax on junk food, most of us will readily agree that it would help the obesity problem in America. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of taxing those foods and drinks that contain a lot of fat and sugar. Whereas some are convinced that it would help America tackle the obesity problem. Others maintain that it would just end up hurting America in many different other ways besides obesity. The currentRead MoreEthics Of Public Health, And Healthcare1857 Words   |  8 Pagesof a â€Å"fat tax† would be on limiting the consumption of soda, high fat foods, and high sugar foods, and ultimately reducing the rate of morbidity and mortality due to obesity. The idea is that long term consumption of high fat, high sugar foods and drinks lead to many health problems, so making them more expensive and less accessible should decrease the health issues related to their consumption. The main ethical concerns that have been raised with the idea of implementing a fat tax are: autonomyRead MoreEffects of Fast Food on American Economy1461 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Effects of Fast Food on the American Economy How does fast food affect America’s economy? Does fast food affects Americans economy in the bad way or good way? Some people say that fast foods are ruining Americans economy. They want to reduce effects of the fast food industry in America. However, the advocates do not agree because they think that fast foods are giving a major boost to the economy. They give out a few examples about the advantage of fast food to the economy such as proving jobsRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic2270 Words   |  9 Pagesenergy-dense foods that are high in fat and an increase in physical inactivity due to an increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation and increasing in urbanization and globalization. The WHO, sees changes in dietary and physical inactivity patterns are a result of environmental and society changes that can be associated with the development and lack of supportive policies in sectors of: health, agriculture, transportation, urban planning , the environment, food processingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Bad Food Subsidies It, And Subsidize Vegetables1508 Words   |  7 Pages In the essay by Mark Bittman â€Å"Bad Food? Tax it, and Subsidize Vegetables Instead,† Bittman offers an idea on how to change the Standard American Diet: making healthy food cheaper and fast, processed food more expensive. Calculating the tax to increase one penny would make a difference in the price and the decision of the people as to whether or not the people will purchase processed foods. With taxes on carbonated drinks and processed foods, profits from the proposal should increase due to the amountRead MoreAnalysis Of How Junk Food Can End Obesity1791 Words   |  8 PagesTeresa Ishigaki English 3 15 September 2014 An Analysis of â€Å"How Junk Food can End Obesity† David H. Freedman, a consulting editor for John Hopkins and author of several books, writes in â€Å"How Junk food can End Obesity† about the dangers of ruling out Fast Food as a way to decrease obesity in society. He argues that using nutrients to gauge the healthiness of a food is an adequate way to increase health in society, and that most â€Å"healthy† foods contain a lot of unhealthy ingredients that do not promote

The Main Elements Of Plato s Cave - 1152 Words

â€Å"We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light† – Plato In this paper the main elements of Plato’s cave will be described along with a short explanation of Plato’s theory of forms, which is what the cave allegory is attempting to address. A brief description of the plot of the movie â€Å"The Island â€Å"will follow. This will be followed by an explanation of how the movie correlates to the elements of Plato’s cave. Finally, the conclusion will discuss what Plato was hoping to achieve with the cave allegory. Over the course of many years Plato, the great Greek philosopher, wrote in his dialogs about his beliefs about reality. His theory of forms was meant to answer metaphysical questions such as what exists; what is real? According to Ian Bruce â€Å"the theory basically postulates the existence of a level of reality or world inhabited by the ideal or archetypal forms of all things and concepts. Thus a form exists for objects like tables and rocks and for concepts such as beauty and justice.† Plato discusses how objects and concepts change over time (what our senses perceive), and also how all objects and concepts have a â€Å"form† or basic essence which transcends time. Reality for Plato is the form of an object or concept. The cave allegory attempts to explain Plato’s theory of forms. In Plato’s cave prisoners are seated and shackled so they cannot move their heads from side –to- side. TheyShow MoreRelatedExplain the Criticisms of Platos Theory of the Forms.1584 Words   |  7 Pagesworld of forms. This world, to Plato, is more real than the one we live in. His theory is shown in his Allegory of the Cave (from The Republic, Book VII), where the prisoners only live in what they think is a real world, but really it is a shadow of reality. According to Plato, to the prisoners in the allegory and to humanity in the material world truth would be literally nothing but shadows and he believes us to be as ignorant as the people in the cave. Plato followed the belief that in orderRead MorePlato Vs Aristotle On Politics And Philosophy1899 Words   |  8 PagesPlato versus Aristotle Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphael s School of Athens (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences. In a discussion of politics, the stand point of each philosopher becomes an essential factor. It is not coincidental thatRead MoreThales : The Milesian Philosophers Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pages This is where Anaximander chose an element that was unobserved, and undefined, and he called this element ‘apeiron’. Just like water, it would make be the main source of all things and it would be different from the four main elements; water, earth, air, and fire. Apeiron translates into inf inite or boundless. Lastly we have Anaximenes who did agreed with Thales that everything was in made of one traditional element, and he believed that this one element was air rather than water. He also createdRead More Matthew Arnold versus Aristotles Poetics Essay examples3833 Words   |  16 PagesThe value of imitation: a vision of Aristotles Poetics Aristotle wrote his Poetics thousands of years before Matthew Arnolds birth. His reasons for composing it were different from Arnolds reasons for using it as an element of his own poetic criticism. We can safely say that Arnold was inclined to use the Poetics as an inspiration for his own poetry, and as a cultural weapon in the fight for artistic and social renewal. Aristotle, by contrast, was more concerned with discovering general truthsRead MoreRealism and Film Form1980 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"civilization†, and eventually art, and what translates into human’s metaphysical desire to perpetuate existance beyond death. The argument of immortality as a determination for ancient and modern art as well as civilastion is developed by Stephen Cave in his book â€Å"Seeking immortality† through four narrative paths, for which he establishes the following starting point: All living things seek to perpetuate themselves into the future, but humans seek to perpetuate themselves forever. This seeking—thisRead MoreThe Evolution Of Music Throughout Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia2480 Words   |  10 Pageshistory to complex instruments and systems later in time. Any way it was produced, the role music played was one of the most important in ancient societies. The earliest sign of music was discovered in architectural sites of Mesopotamia. Some of the main evidence that music was an important part of Ancient Mesopotamian society was writing about it found on ancient stone tablets. So far, ten tablets with writings concerning musical scales have been found in sites around Ur and other ancient cities suchRead MoreLiterature Review Internet4548 Words   |  19 Pagespublic schools. People had high expectations for educational use that were not attained. This low level of development continued though the 1960s, 1970s (the PLATO system) and the 1980s. Also in the 1980’s, Papert developed the Logo programming language and children learned to develop simple programming skills (LeFrancois, 2006). By the mid 1980’s, computer use in the schools had expanded to 40% of United States elementary schools and almost twice that in the high schools. By the mid 1990s, computersRead MoreOrigin of International Law5357 Words   |  22 Pagesin the past it has been living in caves, as the time passed man gradually became civilized and started living in communities. In past there were no laws and rules to be followed by the human being. In the long march of mankind from the cave to the computer a central role has always been played by the idea of law- the idea that order is necessary and chaos inimical to a just and stable existence. Every society has a framework of principles to develop. Law is element which binds the members of communityRead MoreThe Implication of Paulo Freires Banking Concept to the 8.4.4 System of Education in Kenya9634 Words   |  39 Pageseffectively there must be a cadre of competent teachers who have the zeal to see the learners fully grasp the contents presented and a curriculum which is convenient to the learners. Education is imparted to learners so as to bring them out of the dark cave of ignorance to the bright side of liberation. It is from this reason that the learner is taken through education so as to enhance his own development. Someone is considered to be educated if he has spent a number of years in school and has, as a resultRead MoreColombian Folklore5889 Words   |  24 Pagestraditional  folk tales  and stories about  legendary creatures  which are transmitted orally and kept for next  generations  to come. Some of them are common with other  Latin American  countries. The Colombian folklore has strong influe nces from  Spanish culture, with elements of  African  and  native American cultures. ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Relevancy This folkloric entities are present in the  carnivals and festivals  countrywide. The â€Å"Desfiles de Mitos y Leyendas† (myths  and  legends  parades)

The Hunters Phantom Chapter 13 Free Essays

â€Å"I’m so sorry. I’m so sorry,† Meredith said for the tenth time. Her usual y composed face was flushed, and her eyes were bright with unshed tears. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Matt didn’t remember ever seeing her so upset about something, especial y something that had ended up not being a big deal. Sure, Celia could have been hurt, but the car hadn’t touched her. â€Å"I’m fine, real y I am, Meredith,† Celia assured her again. â€Å"I just didn’t see you. I don’t know how, but I didn’t. Thank God for Alaric,† Meredith said, throwing a grateful glance at Alaric, who was sitting close beside her and rubbing her back. â€Å"It’s okay, Meredith,† he said. â€Å"It’s al okay.† Alaric seemed more concerned for Meredith than for Celia, and Matt didn’t blame him. Babbling was pretty out of character for Meredith. Alaric wrapped his arms tightly around Meredith, and she visibly relaxed. Celia, on the other hand, tensed noticeably as Meredith leaned into Alaric’s embrace. Matt traded a rueful glance with Bonnie. Then Stefan reached out and stroked Elena’s shoulder absently, and Matt was surprised to feel a jealous pang of his own. Wasn’t he ever going to get over Elena Gilbert? It had been more than a year since they dated, and about a century in experience. Bonnie was stil watching him, now with a speculative gleam in her eyes, and Matt shot her a bland smile. He’d just as soon not know what Bonnie saw in his face when he looked at Elena and Stefan. â€Å"Around this bend and up the slope is the Plunge,† he said to Celia, ushering her forward along the trail. â€Å"It’s a little bit of a hike, but it’s the best place around here for a picnic.† â€Å"Absolutely the best,† said Bonnie cheerily. â€Å"We can jump down the waterfal .† She fel in on Celia’s other side, helping him to herd her away from the two couples, who were murmuring to one another softly as they fol owed behind. â€Å"Is that safe?† asked Celia dubiously. â€Å"Total y,† said Bonnie. â€Å"Everybody jumps the waterfal here, and nobody’s ever gotten hurt.† â€Å"Usual y it’s safe,† said Matt, more cautiously. â€Å"You and Meredith might want to think about not swimming, Celia.† â€Å"I hate this,† Bonnie said. â€Å"I hate having to be extracareful because of some dark thing that we don’t know anything about. Everything should be normal.† Normal or not, it was a magnificent picnic. They spread their blankets on the rocks near the top of the waterfal . The smal fal s plummeted down the side of the cliff and ended in a deep pool of effervescent water, making a sort of natural fountain that spil ed into a clear bronze-green pool. Mrs. Flowers had packed salads and breads and desserts for them, as wel as meat and corn to gril on a hibachi Stefan had brought from the boardinghouse. They had more than enough food for a couple days of camping, let alone one lunch. Elena had stowed cold drinks in a cooler, and, after hiking up the trail in the Virginia summer heat, everyone was happy to crack open a lemonade or soda. Even Stefan took a water bottle and drank as he started heating the gril , although it was automatical y understood by everyone that he would not be eating. Matt had always found the fact that he never saw Stefan eating a little creepy, even before Matt knew he was a vampire. The girls squirmed out of jeans and tops to display their bathing suits, like caterpil ars transforming into butterflies. Meredith was tan and lean in a black one-piece. Bonnie was wearing a petite mermaid-green bikini. Elena wore a soft gold bandeau that went with her hair. Matt watched Stefan watching her appreciatively, and felt that little twist of jealousy again. Both Elena and Bonnie pul ed their T-shirts back on over their bathing suits almost immediately. They always did: Their pale skin burned instead of tanned. Celia lounged on a towel, looking spectacular in a casual yet daringly cut white swimsuit. The effect of the pure white against Celia’s coffee-colored skin was amazing. Matt noticed Meredith’s eyes passing over her and then glancing sharply at Alaric. But Alaric was too busy shucking down to a pair of red trunks. Stefan stayed out of the direct sunlight, remaining in his dark jeans and black T-shirt. Wasn’t that a little creepy, too? Matt thought. Stefan’s ring protected him from the sun’s rays, didn’t it? Did he stil have to stick to the shadows? And what was with the black clothing? Was he pretending to be Damon now? Matt frowned at the thought: One Damon had been more than enough. Matt shook his head, stretched his arms and legs, turned his face toward the sun, and tried to get rid of his thoughts. He liked Stefan. He always had. Stefan was a good guy. A vampire, a dry voice in the back of his mind noted, even a harmless one, can rarely be described as a good guy. Matt ignored the voice. â€Å"Let’s jump!† he said, and headed toward the waterfal . â€Å"Not Meredith,† said Stefan flatly. â€Å"Not Meredith, and not Celia. You two stay here.† There was a little silence, and he glanced up from the gril to see his friends staring at him. He kept his face neutral as he returned their gazes. This was a life-or-death situation. It was Stefan’s responsibility now to keep them safe, whether they liked it or not. He looked at them each in turn, holding their eyes. He was not going to back down. Meredith had risen to her feet to fol ow Matt to the fal s’ edge, and she hesitated for a moment, clearly unsure how to react. Then her face hardened, and Stefan saw that she had chosen to take a stand. She stepped toward him. â€Å"I’m sorry, Stefan,† she said, her voice level. â€Å"I know you’re worried, but I’m going to do what I decide I want to do. I can look after myself.† She moved to join Matt, who was standing at the edge of the cliff, but Stefan’s hand whipped out to grab her wrist, his fingers as strong as steel. â€Å"No, Meredith,† he said firmly. Out of the corner of his eye, he saw Bonnie’s mouth drop open. Everyone was looking at him with puzzled, anxious faces, and Stefan tried to soften his tone. â€Å"I’m just trying to do what’s best for you.† Meredith sighed, a long, gusty sound, and seemed to be making an effort to let go of some of her anger. â€Å"I know that, Stefan,† she said reasonably, â€Å"and I appreciate it. But I can’t go through the world not doing the things I usual y do, just waiting for whatever this is to come get me.† She tried to move around him, but he sidestepped to block her way again. Meredith glanced at Celia, who threw up her hands and shook her head. â€Å"Don’t look at me,† Celia said. â€Å"I have no urge to jump off a cliff. I’m just going to lie in the sunshine and let you al work this out yourselves.† She leaned back on her hands and turned her face toward the sun. Meredith’s eyes narrowed and she whirled back to Stefan. As she was opening her mouth, Elena broke in. â€Å"What if the rest of us go first?† she suggested placatingly to Stefan. â€Å"We can make sure there’s nothing clearly dangerous down there. And we’l be near her at the bottom. Nobody’s ever been hurt jumping here, not that I’ve heard of. Right, guys?† Matt and Bonnie nodded in agreement. Stefan felt himself softening. Whenever Elena used her logical voice and her wide, appealing eyes, he found himself agreeing to plans that, in his heart of hearts, he thought were foolhardy. Elena pressed her advantage. â€Å"You could stand right by the water below, too,† she said. â€Å"Then, if there’s any problem, you could dive in right away. You’re so fast, you’d get there before anything bad could happen.† Stefan knew this was wrong. He hadn’t forgotten that sick swoop of despair, of realizing he was too slow to save someone. Once again, he saw Damon’s long, graceful leap toward Bonnie that had ended with Damon fal ing to earth, a wooden branch driven through his heart. Damon had died because Stefan was too slow to save him, too slow to realize the danger and save Bonnie himself. He’d also been too late to save Elena when she had driven off the bridge and drowned. The fact that she now lived again didn’t mean he hadn’t failed her then. He remembered her pale hair floating like seaweed in the chil y water of Wickery Creek, her hands stil resting on the steering wheel, her eyes closed, and shuddered. He had dived repeatedly before he found her. She had been so cold and white when he carried her to shore. Stil , he found himself nodding. What Elena wanted, Elena got. He would stand by and protect Meredith as best as he could, and he prayed, as far as a vampire could pray, that it would be enough. The rest of the friends stayed at the top while, down at the bottom of the fal s, Stefan surveyed the pool at his feet. The water sprayed up exuberantly from where the fal s hit the surface. Warm, pale sand encircled the pool’s edges, making a tiny beach, and the center of the pool seemed dark and deep. Matt jumped first, with a long, wavering whoop as he plummeted. The splash as he hit the water was huge, and he seemed to stay submerged for a long time. Stefan leaned forward to watch the water. He couldn’t see through the foam thrown up by the fal s, and an anxious quiver shot through his stomach. He was just thinking of diving in after him when Matt’s sleek wet head broke the surface. â€Å"I touched the bottom!† he announced, grinning, and shook his head like a dog, throwing glittering drops of water everywhere. He swam toward Stefan, strong tan limbs moving powerful y, and Stefan thought how easy everything seemed for Matt. He was a creature of sunlight and simplicity, while Stefan was stuck in the shadows, living a long half-life of secrets and loneliness. Sure, his sapphire ring let him walk in the sun, but being exposed to the sunlight for a long time, like today, was uncomfortable, as if there were some kind of itch deep inside him. It was worse now that he was readjusting to a diet of animal blood again. His unease was yet another reminder that he didn’t real y belong here. Not the way Matt did. He shrugged off his sour feelings, surprised at their emergence in the first place. Matt was a good friend. He always had been. The daylight must be getting to him. Bonnie jumped next, and surfaced more quickly, coughing and snorting. â€Å"Oof!† she said. â€Å"I got water up my nose! Ugh!† She pul ed herself out of the water and perched on a rock near Stefan’s feet. â€Å"You don’t swim?† she asked him. Stefan was struck with a flash of memory. Damon, tanned and strong, splashing him and laughing in one of his rare fits of good humor. It was hundreds of years ago now. Back when the Salvatore brothers had lived in the sunlight, back before even the great-grandparents of his friends had been born. â€Å"Not for a long time,† he answered. Elena jumped with the same casual grace as she did everything else, straight as an arrow toward the bottom of the fal s, her gold bathing suit and her golden hair gleaming in the sunshine. She was underwater for longer than Bonnie had been, and again Stefan tensed, watching the pool. When she broke the surface, she gave them a rueful grin. â€Å"I couldn’t quite reach the bottom,† she said. â€Å"I was stretching and stretching down. I could see the sand, but the water pushed me back up.† â€Å"I didn’t even try,† Bonnie said. â€Å"I’ve accepted that I’m too short.† Elena swam away from the bottom of the fal s and climbed onto the sand, settling next to Bonnie at Stefan’s feet. Matt climbed out of the water, too, and stood near the fal s, gazing up critical y. â€Å"Just jump feetfirst, Meredith,† he cal ed teasingly. â€Å"You’re such a show-off.† Meredith was poised at the edge of the fal s. She saluted them and then leaped into a perfect swan dive, arching swiftly toward the pool, disappearing smoothly beneath the water with barely a splash. â€Å"She was on the swim team,† Bonnie said conversational y to Stefan. â€Å"She has a row of ribbons and trophies on a shelf at home.† Stefan nodded absently, his eyes scanning the water. Surely Meredith’s head would break the surface in a second. The others had taken about this long to reemerge. â€Å"Can I jump yet?† Alaric cal ed from above. â€Å"No!† Elena shouted. She rose to her feet and she and Stefan exchanged a worried glance. Meredith had been down there too long. Meredith surfaced, sputtering and pushing her wet hair out of her eyes. Stefan relaxed. â€Å"I did it!† she cal ed. â€Å"I – â€Å" Her eyes widened and she began to shriek, but her scream was cut off as she was abruptly yanked under the water by something they couldn’t see. In the space of a breath, she was gone. For a moment, Stefan just stared at where Meredith had been, unable to move. Too slow, too slow, an internal voice taunted him, and he pictured Damon’s face, laughing cruel y and saying again, So fragile, Stefan. He couldn’t see Meredith anywhere under the clear, effervescent water. It was as if she had been taken suddenly away. Al of this flew through Stefan’s head in only a heartbeat, and then he dived into the water after her. Underwater, he couldn’t see anything. The white water from the fal s bubbled up, throwing foam and golden sand in front of him. Stefan urgently channeled his Power to his eyes, sharpening his vision, but mostly that just meant that now he could see the individual bubbles of the white water and the grains of sand in sharp relief. Where was Meredith? The bubbling water was trying to push him up to the surface, too. He had to struggle to move forward through the murky water, reaching out. Something brushed his fingers and he grabbed at it, but it was only a handful of slippery pondweed. Where was she? Time was running out. Humans could go without oxygen for only a few minutes before brain damage set in. A few minutes after that, there would be no recovery at al . He remembered Elena’s drowning once more, the frail white shape that he had pul ed from Matt’s wrecked car, ice crystals in her hair. The water here was warm, but would kil Meredith just as surely. He swal owed a sob and reached out frantical y again into the shadowed depths. His fingers found skin, and it moved against his hand. Stefan grasped whatever limb it was, tight enough to bruise, and surged forward. In less than a second more, he could see that it was Meredith’s arm. She was conscious, her mouth tight with fear, her hair streaming around her in the water. At first he couldn’t see why she hadn’t come to the surface. Then Meredith gestured emphatical y, reaching to fumble at long tendrils of pondweed that had somehow become entangled with her legs. Stefan swam down, pushing against the white water from the fal s, and tried to work his hand under the pondweed to pul it off her. It was wrapped so tightly around Meredith’s legs that he couldn’t get his fingers beneath it. Her skin was pressed white by the strands. Stefan struggled for a moment, then swam closer and let Power surge into him, sharpening and lengthening his canines. He bit, careful not to scratch Meredith’s legs, and pul ed at the pondweed, but it resisted him. A little late, he realized that the resilience of the plants must be supernatural: His Power-enhanced strength was enough to break bones, tear through metal, and should have had no problem with a bit of pondweed. And final y – so slow, he reprimanded himself, always just so damn slow – he realized what he was looking at. Stefan felt his eyes widen in horror. The tight strands of pondweed against Meredith’s long legs spel ed out a name. How to cite The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 13, Essay examples

Television And Race Essay Example For Students

Television And Race Essay Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter!Television and RaceRace Televised: Americas BabysitterAt some point in the course of human events,America decided that the television was their Dali Lama, their culturaland spiritual leader. Overlooking its obvious entertainment based purpose,Americans have let the television baby-sit and rear their children. I donot recall a manifesto from the television industry, but society put televisionin a role it does not have authority in. The only thing television setout to do was provide the passive entertainment American society wants. True, television does not accurately reflect race in America, but it isnot the job of the television industry to do so. Too much importance hasbeen put on television to provide guidance and information that Americansociety has grown too lazy and too indifferent to find for themselves. When society finds that their information is wrong or tainted they blametelevision instead of finding truth and accuracy for themselves. Althoughtelevision does not reflect race accurately, Americans have become toodependent on television to provide everything they know. We will write a custom essay on Television And Race specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In one of this generations most popularTV shows, The Simpsons, it is easy to find stereotypes. There are numerousexamples throughout the series, mostly toward Apu, the Indian storekeeper. For example, in episode 1F10, Homer and Apu, the writers do not overlooka single Indian stereotype. First of all they have an Indian man as a conveniencestorekeeper. The episode starts with Apu committing the usual conveniencestore stereotypes. For example he sells a $0.29 stamp for $1.85, $2 worthof gas for $4.20, etc. Next he changes the expiration dates on rancid hamand sells them. When his customer gets sick from it, he offers a 5 poundbucket of thawing shrimp. Later he picks up a hotdog that he dropped andputs it back on the hotdog roller. A news team catches him on hidden cameraand Apus boss fires him. In this scene we find out Apu has a stereotypicalIndian surname, Nahasapeemapetilan. His boss also makes a joke about theHindu religion. Ah, true. But its also standard procedureto blame any problems on a scapegoat or sacrificial lamb. The stereotypes continue redundantly. Jokesabout Indian films, food, and other things fill the script. Then thereis the grand finale, where Homer, the main character, and Apu go to Indiato ask for Apus job back at the main office. The president and CEO veryclosely resembles a Hindu leader, making Indian and convenience store clerkappear synonymous. Other minorities are also misrepresentedin The Simpsons. In the same episode, for example, Homer is watching anAfrican American comedian who stereotypically stereotypes white guys. Yo, check this out: black guys drive acar like this. Do, do, ch. Do-be-do, do-be-do-be-do. Yeah, but white guys, see they drivea car like this. Dee-da-dee, a-dee-da-dee-da-dee.Reverend Jesse Jackson says that the mediadepicts African Americans in 5 deadly ways: less intelligentless hardworkinglessuniversalless patrioticand more violent than we are. Gibbons, documenting Jacksons 1988 presidential campaign and the mediacoverage of it, also said:American journalism excellent when itreports the facts, but is literally incapable of informed opinion withoutbias when dealing with matters concerning race. Indians and African Americans are not alone. All minorities are depicted inaccurately. Asian Americans, for example,are represented as perpetually foreign and never American. They are depictedas murderous and mysterious, as amorous or amoral symbols of danger,refuge, inspiration, and forgiveness. Lipsitz finds this degrading, insulting,and implicated in the most vicious and pernicious form, as he is expectedto. The problem is television ridicules everyone, and it is a source ofentertainment, not culture and politics, which is what seems to be expectedof TV by society. TV is even criticized for not taking sides in ideologicaldebates,Preferring instead to assert that an unlimitedpotential for new achievement and wealth in America can overcome contradictionsor conflict. The reason being that it is not TVs jobto tell people what to believe. That is each individuals responsibilityto develop themselves. .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c , .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .postImageUrl , .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c , .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c:hover , .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c:visited , .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c:active { border:0!important; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c:active , .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f4f438292d3e3c481c54de44666a77c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Car Accident EssayTelevision is entertainment and entertainmentis escapism. Television was originally created to provide an escape fromlifes trials and tribulations. America watched TV to slip into a worldbetter than their own; not to develop their stance on the current politicalplatform du jour. As societys pace quickened, and TVs popularity grew,it became a member of the family. TV told the family everything that happenedthat day. Soon American society forgot how to verify the information theTV gave them, and became dependent on it for all news and entertainment. It became natural to turn on, and tune out, as the saying goes. Fast-forwardmany years, and society suddenly wants the TV to bring them the world theyhave been to busy or lazy to see for themselves instead of the fantasyworld that it was designed to show. The saying, you cant please everyone,all the time, applies to TV, too. I do not see activists changing TV anytimesoon. It is not possible. TV was designed for entertainment purposes. Thecontinuous restraints and censorship will just cost taxpayers more moneyand do little good. With the increasing popularity and simplicityof the Internet, I hope, people will do more for themselves and not bedependent on the TV to regurgitate biased information. The TV was designedfor entertainment, and the news is no exception. Limited time restrainsthe facts and leaves the viewer in the dark. Hopefully the Internet willopen new doors for coming generations. The only way to solve any problems andconflicts is to accept the television medium as pure entertainment. Takingit seriously is a futile effort, producing feeble results. If anything,the TV should be a starting point. If something on it sparks an interest,one needs to conduct further study to get the facts, and not rely solelyon the TV. Whether it is The Simpsons or the news,African or Asian Americans, the TV should be treated as entertainment,or disregarded all together. This is the simplest and most logical solution. There are much more important issues to be dealt with than TV. I hate seeingso much time, effort, and intelligence wasted on it. Works CitedBaker, Aaron and Todd Boyd. Out of Bounds:Sports, Media, and the Politics of Identity. Bloomington, IN: Indiana U. Press, 1997. Gibbons, Arnold. Race, Politics theWhite Media: The Jesse Jackson Campaigns. Lanham, MD: U Press, 1993. Homer and Apu. Writ. By Greg Daniels. TheSimpsons. Fox. 10 Feb 1994. Lipsitz, George. Book Review: MonitoredPeril: Asian Americans and the Politics of TV Representation. By DarrellY. Hamamoto. Journal of Asian American Studies 1998: 104-107.

Vitruvian Man Lab Report Essay Example

Vitruvian Man Lab Report Essay Example Vitruvian Man Lab Report Paper Vitruvian Man Lab Report Paper Later on, around the year 1490, the artist and painter Leonardo Dad Vinci decided to keep examining about his Statement. His famous drawing consists on a man with straight arms and legs, inside a square that is inside a circle, the exactly same idea Of Vitreous. He showed that the ideal human body fitted precisely into both a circle and a square, and he thus illustrated the link that he believed existed between perfect geometric forms and the perfect UDF'(The British Library Board). According with Natalie Holdover the circle is shown as a divine symbol and the square as the earthly symbol. This idea relates to the ancient belief that the man was a tiny expression of the entire universe, which is now called microcosm. As a class, we were asked to test the validity of the Dad Vines Vitamin man. We recorded the information of everyone from the class, measuring the length of the outspread arms, the height, the distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand and the maximum width of the shoulders. Our goal was to discover it our emissions settled with the ideal humans proportion according to Dad Vines Vitamin man. Dad Vinci explained that for a human to have perfect proportions need to follow the next criteria: the length of the outspread arms needs to be equal to the height of the man, the distance from the elbow to the tip of the hand needs to be of the height of man, and the maximum width of the shoulders needs to be % of the height of the man. After going through this whole process got into a very concise conclusion, just two people in my class have the ideal human proportions. Hungary Ramirez and Maria Smiley are the only ones who fit into the three Of the Statements made by Dad Vinci and Vitreous. As is shown on table #1 and table #2, Handcar Ramies length Of the outspread arms is equal to her height; her distance from the elbow to the tip of her hand equals a % Of her height, same situation occurs on Maria Shimmies measurements. But on the third criteria you can see there is a difference between the maximum of their shoulders and their heights a difference of 1 CM. Even though their measurements have a difference of one CM. We can still say their proportions are idea, since we are account the uncertainties of 1. Several of my other classmates followed several criteria hut at the end they didnt fit exactly, for example as its shown on table #1 and table Amanda Kauffmann length of the outspread arms is equal to her height, and her distance from the elbow to the tip of her hand sis % of her height as well, but when it cones to the third criteria, the maximum width of the shoulders isnt a 1/4 of her height. The deterrence is about to 4 CM, which is an extremely small difference, since the maximum of her shoulders is about 39 CM and the of her height is about 43 CM. Evaluation: Due to the fact that the Dad Vines Vitamin man lab demonstrated failure on the past examinations, we can feel free to assume that many errors are shown in this experiment. The first error noticed is the fact that we measured everything With a small measuring tape instead of a big measuring tape, which didnt help since we were taller and bigger than the measuring tape, so we had to use two measuring tapes added together. Using a small measuring tape to find out these measurements ended being extremely inaccurate. After data collection we were not really sure if the numbers we got were real, and probably affected a lot on the way the exults came out. The lab activity validity started to be questionable now. By the time we were looking for the four measurements needed just one group of people from the class was using a measuring tape, the rest of the class were using two small ones (so they could have the same length). The way it worked was to put one in the top of the other and then add the numbers, which was hard for the person who was measuring since he didnt have enough hands to hold the small measuring tape in the bottom, in the middle (place in which both tapes were combined) and in the top. If one of the measuring tapes we were sing (top or bottom) moved a little bit, then the whole addition will change and the final result will end being inaccurate, A proposed solution to this error will be measure all of the quantities again with a big measuring tape, in this way, we could make sure that all of the measurements are more precise and that no movement of the person with the tape was going to affect on the validity of the research. Another error noticed is the fact that you can always make a mistake with the numbers and get confused, so maybe the numbers you got arent real. A great solution to this error will be measuring at least three times each of the four acquirement, Which at the end Will give us a more specific, secure, and valid answer. If we make another two measurements and we still get different numbers, we need to keep remaking this process until we start getting the same answer over and over again after repetitive results. Another big error was noticed on the width of the shoulders measurements specifically, since some people didnt know from which to which point it was, so in that way some people got a very inaccurate difference between this number and the 1/4 of the height off man. A good example that is shown is on table #1 ND table #2, were Sabina Classical and Alberta Gonzalez got a lot of difference between this two measurements. Sprains width of the shoulders is equal to 54 CM as is shown in the first table, and the % of the height of a mans equals to 39. In the other hand, Albertson measurements also had a huge difference between them. His width to the shoulders is equal to 65, and 1/4 to his height equals to 43, SO. After inspecting those numbers we can conclude that there is an error, since the rest of the students show on table #1 and table #2 do not have a difference higher than three CM between the numbers as both of this students had. This numbers are very inaccurate since the width of the shoulders and the % of the height are suppose to be exactly the same, and this is such a huge difference. A solution to this problem could be measuring the width of the shoulders and the of height of this students again, few still get such a huge difference between both numbers, then the solution could be measuring the four principles again for this two people, at least 3 or 4 times, until the numbers we get are much more accurate. One limitation observed was the fact that most of us, the students, are still in a transitory age, Which means we are still going through the process Of evildoing physically. Since we are not entirely developed we are not a secure source to prove if this statement is true or false. Our legs are not entirely developed yet either our arms or the rest of our body. Another limitation I found was the fact that we tested the validity on man and women, which variance wasnt explain on the theory. Men and women may not have the same proportions as just man. This affected the research because women composed most of the class, so there were only two men (Alberta and Luis). The last limitation founded was the fact that this research was made hundreds ND thousands years ago by Vitreous and Dad Vinci, but with evolution human sizes may have changes and the proportions may have also changed, this effect was also reflected in the lab results.

How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse

How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse How to Indicate Unspoken and Indirect Discourse By Mark Nichol What type of markers or emphasis should a writer give to signal that a character’s thoughts are unspoken? Though some people disagree, the consensus is that they should be enclosed in quotation marks as if they were said aloud: 1. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and thought, ‘Where do I start?’† This mode of what is known as unspoken discourse assumes that internally vocalized thoughts are a form of direct speech. â€Å"Unspoken discourse† is not to be confused with â€Å"indirect discourse,† which describes indirect speech, or paraphrase: 2. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and wondered, where should she start?† In this case, the person would not think, â€Å"Where should she start?† in those words, so the final phrase of the sentence is a paraphrase, not a quote, and should not be enclosed in quotation marks. Indirect discourse has another, similar form: 3. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and wondered where she should start.† Notice that in this example, a different type of paraphrase, a comma does not precede the thought, and no question mark punctuates this sentence, because it’s not a question. As I mentioned above, some writers prefer to omit quotation marks in unspoken discourse: 4. â€Å"She surveyed the shambles of her room and thought, Where do I start?† This style is also correct, but it requires greater attention from the reader, and it seems more trouble than it’s worth to distinguish between spoken thoughts and unspoken ones, especially in fiction. Employing italics is an alternative strategy for unspoken discourse, but this method is best used in internal dialogue, when a person is conversing with their alter ego, or with a disembodied entity such as a spirit, or perhaps a guiding force from within: â€Å"The voice seemed to resonate inside her: Go forth, and fear not.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 10150 Idioms About Roads and Paths50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

Business paln for Arts cafe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business paln for Arts cafe - Essay Example The plan purposes to help learners develop their skills in art and provide a relaxing environment for workers especially those in the financial institutions who often experience stress from the long hours of work and less time for recreation and entertainment. The Art Cafà © offers an opportunity for artists to sharpen their skills and a common discussion area for individuals having common interest in art to share ideas and explore the art industry. It will also serve snacks, coffee and tea beverages as refreshments to the visitors; this is based on a study confirming coffee and tea to be the highly consumed beverages. Employees at the cafà © will be middle-aged individuals with experience in art and coffee. The plan focuses its strengths on customers who love art and provision of quality coffee and tea as a means of overcoming the competition in the market. The business plan aims to promote the love for art by establishing an arts cafà © where individuals with interesting art can meet and share ideas. Thank

Analysis between Life and Death in Shanghai and woman at point zero Essay

Analysis between Life and Death in Shanghai and woman at point zero - Essay Example It’s an autobiography of the author herself. It is a tale of woman who had been struggling for survival, dignity between the authoritarian of the Cultural Revolution. Her crime was just her class backdrop and a enthusiasm to life. She got arrested in the late 1966 after the â€Å"The Red Guards† looted her house. The book tells the story of Nien Cheng, when she got arrested all through the Cultural Revolution and was caught up in jail for more than six years. She was pressurized to accept the fake accuse that she was a spy for â€Å"the imperialists†. She refused to do so and lived a life in prison, full of misery and torture. Finally, she was released in 1973 and found out that her daughter, Meiping, who was going to school to become an actress was also murdered by â€Å"The Red Guards†, although, police told her that she has committed suicide. Cheng found this by investigating herself, and thought that the whole situation which was told by the police was impossible. Later she got relocated towards a two bedrooms apartment with one of her relative. Till 1980, Cheng lived in China than she moved towards United States. (Cheng, Nein., 1987). On the other hand, the book Women at Point Zero is written by Nawal El Saadawi. It is story which is based on the life of a woman namely, Firdaus. She is an ex-prostitute and was accused for the murder of a pimp. She refuses to talk to anyone in or out of the prison. However, Firdaus, agreed to talk with the author, who is a psychologist as well, on the tenth day of living in the prison. Gradually, she tells the author about the history of her life. In past, Firdaus life was full of abuse, abandonment, oppression, people taking advantage of her and people whom she met nearly rejected her from child to the adulthood. She was born in a farming society to an offensive father. Foremost important thing in the book is that Firdaus describes pleasure similar to pain and pain which is same like pleasure. After her parents

Proteins Therapy for Drug Discovery

Proteins Therapy for Drug Discovery Proteins are most dynamic and diverse macromolecules in our body, thus numerous functionally distinct proteins hold enormous promise for the development of new therapeutics for a variety of human ailments which contain mutated or other abnormal proteins, or those in an abnormally high or low concentration. However, the clinical application of protein therapeutics is still in its infancy since the poor physicochemical stability of proteins in the circulation and their limited membrane permeability interrupt successful delivery to the target sites. This review discusses advantages and limitations of current strategies, as well as the recent developments in protein delivery using nanoparticles. We also highlight nanoparticle-mediated alternative administration routes to injection, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, and transdermal delivery. Keywords: nanoparticles, protein delivery, protein therapeutics, administration routes, drug delivery systems Introduction With the strong growth in biopharmaceuticals and advanced drug delivery technologies in recent years, pharmaceutical companies are increasingly turning toward protein therapeutics in the search for drug discovery targets. A study by BCC Research indicated that the global market for bioengineered protein drugs was valued at $151.9 billion in 2013 and the market is further expected to grow to about $222.7 billion in 2019 for a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% from 2014 through 2019 [1]. Compared with the conventional small-molecule drugs that currently make up the majority of the pharmaceutical market, protein drugs offer the advantages of high specificity and less toxicity, whereas the high specificity often requires structural complexity of the proteins which can make them difficult to formulate, as well as challenging to deliver proteins to target disease sites. Nanotechnology-based approaches, including drug delivery systems using nanostructures such as liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and nanofabricated devices, has improved therapeutics in the field of biomedical applications [2,3]. This review describes current protein delivery technologies including those in the market, recent progress, and unmet needs in the formulations and delivery of proteins. The advances in nanotechnology reviewed here highlight that major hurdles in protein delivery can be met even through the patient-friendly, non-invasive routes. Progress and challenges in protein delivery To achieve successful protein therapeutics, the intrinsic characteristics of proteins such as structural instability and short half-life should be improved by designing appropriate protein delivery platforms. Inadequate design or formulation of protein drugs can cause degradation, denaturation, and/or aggregation of the protein molecules, and these could potentially cause immunogenic side effects after administration as well as lead to a loss in pharmacological activity. Effective intracellular protein delivery also remains a challenge as hydrophilic and large sizes of proteins are hardly permeated through the cell membrane. In this section, current technologies to deliver proteins, including intracellular delivery strategies, and their limitations will be discussed. Current protein formulations and modifications Biodegradable microparticles (1-1000 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m) are attractive parental depot formulations for long-term protein drug release (from week to month). They enable sustained release of the proteins by both the diffusion of proteins from the polymer matrix and the degradation/erosion of the polymer [4,5]. The most widely used material for the encapsulation of proteins is poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), as they are mechanically strong, biocompatible, biodegradable with favorable degradation rates, non-toxic, and approved for use in humans by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [6]. Encapsulation of proteins into the microparticles can be prepared by several methods such as double emulsion, which is most widely used technique, phase separation (coacervation), ultrasonic atomization, spray-drying, microfluidics, etc. [7]. Once the proteins are encapsulated into microparticles, their release kinetics depend on the microparticle size, molecular mass of polymer, ratio of hydroph ilicity/hydrophobicity, polydispersity of microparticle size, and loading amount of proteins. Generally, larger size of microparticles lead to more prolonged protein release, but they can cause potential blockage of the needle required for administration, also the stability and bioactivity of the released proteins in the physiological condition need to be considered for long-term delivery. Degradation and erosion of PLGA can lower the pH inside the microparticles, which can further bring denaturation of the protein as well as aggregate formation. Currently, there are few microparticle drug delivery formulations (e.g. Trelstar depot) on the market and various microparticles have been designed for therapeutic protein delivery such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 [8], insulin [9], recombinant human epidermal growth factor [10], and recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) [11]. Proteins smaller than 70 kDa are mostly cleared from the systemic circulation by glomerular filtration [12]. Chemical modification of proteins with hydrophilic polymers can reduce this renal clearance by increasing their molecular weight and/or hydrodynamic dynamic radius. The covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to proteins (PEGylation), as a typical example, enhances protein stability and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, and the benefits of PEGylation have the PEGylated therapeutic proteins have reached the market with many examples on various stages of clinical development including Naloxegol (MovantikTM; AstraZeneca) which was approved by FDA in 2014 for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation [13,14]. Hyperglycosylation can also extend biological half-life and improve stability by improving solubility of proteins and reducing immunogenicity. The addition of sugar molecules to a protein is more natural process than PEGylation since it is already a part of endogenous post-translational enzymatic process as well as polysaccharides are readily degraded into native glucose molecules [15]. N-glycosylated EPO (Aranesp) is marketed by Amgen from 2001, and there are more glycosylated protein drugs under preclinical and clinical investigation such as polysialylated forms of EPO, granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and insulin [16]. Although the chemical modification provides the prolonged circulation half-life of the proteins, this approach can result in unfavorable conformational changes, a loss of biological activity and binding affinity to their target due to steric hindrance, and heterogeneity [17]. This reduction in physicochemical properties leads to the systemic exposure of proteins to get enough pharmacological potency, but toxicities related to peak exposure can limit their clinical use. Various efforts aiming for the maintenance of protein activity are being made by designing site-specific modification. For example, chemi cal ligation of synthetic peptides including levulinyllysine to EPO indicated superior hematopoietic activity compared to native protein [18]. More recent advances in chemoselective targeting show that the incorporation of canonical and noncanonical amino acids can enhance the selectivity, while improving PEG architecture [19]. In addition to chemical modification, genetic constructs and fusion technologies have been intensively studied to elevate protein half-life and delivery efficacy. Fc-based fusion proteins that are composed of an immunoglobin Fc domain and genetically linked therapeutic protein to this domain are promising approaches as Fc-fusion can endow a protein with unique effector functions mediated by Fc receptor binding and complement fixation [20]. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) mediated recycling and transcytosis process results in half-life extension (e.g. IgG: up to 21 days) and also the increased molecular weight of fusion proteins through the size of the Fc-domain (~50 kDa) reduces renal clearance [21]. A number of therapeutic proteins based on fusion with the IgG Fc domain are on the market for clinical use since Fc-fused tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-2 (Enbrel; Amgen/Pfizer) was approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and plaque psoriasis in 1998, and several candida tes are currently under clinical trials [22]. Recent Fc-fusion platforms focus on the ways to retain biological activity and binding affinity which can be commonly decreased after fusion process [23,24]. Jung et al. included a ‘chaperone’ protein in Toll-like receptor 4 Fc-fusion to stabilize the desired partner [25]. The development of heterodimeric Fc platforms based on strand-exchange engineered domain CH3 heterodimers consisted of alternating segments of human IgA and IgG CH3 shows multiple specificities within homodimeric Fc-fusion platform [26]. To utilize alternative backbones, such as IgA, IgE, and IgM, may also serve benefits to the activity of the fused partner [27-29]. However, concerns are ongoing about the immunogenicity of Fc-fusion proteins because interactions between the Fc domain and its receptors have multivariable immunological consequences, which can raise concerns in the treatment for chronic disease [30]. Other attempts to target FcRn including al bumin fusion which has direct interaction with FcRn and genetic engineering of Fc domains have also been reported. A glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) albumin fusion achieved ~ 5 day half-life and received FDA-approval (Albiglutide; GSK) for the treatment of type-2 diabetes [31]. A recombinant polypeptide fusion construct which consists of an unstructured polypeptide and protein drug is another example of generic fusion technology capable of extending plasma half-life. Schellenberger et al. developed an exenatide-XTEN fusion and demonstrated ~58 times increased half-life and a low rate of immunogenicity in animals, even in the presence of the adjuvant [32]. Still, issues remain in safety of fusion approaches, in particular in the case of fusions with native human proteins because of the cross-reactivity with endogenous homologues which can affect on a long-term safety and clearance of subsequent doses [33].

Greek Mythology Newspaper Headlines

Hello, this is the most exquisite goddess of love and beauty, here to do my beloved job of creating love. So, this week we have advice for the lovely queen of the gods as she requested, but as she would rather not have her true name revealed, she asked to be called CheatedWife1 instead. Now, CheatedWife1, you have come to me saying that your husband Zeus, king of the gods, is a cheater and is always fraternizing with other women, mortal and divine. I must say, this is quite a sad revelation! Well, my advice to you is to try to catch these consorts, and show them just who is queen of the gods and rightful consort of Zeus! That’s it for today so see you next week with another section of advice! May love find you quickly! -AphroditeOlympus NewsThis week on Olympus, we have visiting the mortal Hercules, who will be attending the company of Lady Hera, as he was summoned. Hercules has been a wonder to the mortals, and a source of revenge for the Lady Hera because her husband Zeus is his father, and she isn’t the mother. His many extraordinary feats include: slaying the Nemean Lion, slaying the Hydra, capturing the Erymanthian Boar, slaying the Stymphalian Birds, capturing the Cretan Bull, obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon, steal the apples of the Hesperides, capture and bring back Cerubus, and many more so make sure to respect this mighty hero! Mortal NewsThis week the mortals have been involved in yet another war, one they call the Trojan War because the opposing sides are the city of Troy and the Greeks. Troy had managed to hide behind its high and protective walls for a long while, but eventually the Greeks broke through by sending a small force in the guise of a large wooden horse that they hid inside, then from there allowed the rest of their army entry and took down Troy. It has been confirmed that divine interference was the base cause of this war, although names will not be said in order to avoid a godly war. In other news the demigod Pers eus has managed to slay the hideous gorgon Medusa and take her head, a marvelous victory, for a mortal.SportsAs many of us gods and goddesses are already aware, the Olympic Games are approaching. The mortals have made this a religious event, and will pray to us for our help, but just a reminder: we must not interfere with these games as they are dedicated to Mighty Zeus and so he has decreed such. These games started with finding a priestess for the Lady Hera, but eventually became the event that involves both the mortals and us deities.

How did UK and US relations change after the election of Obama - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2361 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In his 1946 Iron Curtain speech, Winston Churchill (2015, n. pag.) stated that [n]either the sure prevention of war, nor the continuous rise of world organisation will be gained without what I have called the fraternal association of the English-speaking peoples. This means a special relationship between the [UK] and the United States. The end of World War II did indeed mark the start of a special relationship between the two nations and it has been characterised by political, diplomatic, economic and military relations as well as shared values and strategic objectives in the intervening years (Wallace Phillips, 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How did UK and US relations change after the election of Obama?" essay for you Create order However, there has been significant coverage and analysis of the special relationship since the 2008 election of Barack Obama as US President, with many political commentators, academics and journalists alike speculating as to how relevant such a relationship may now be as a result of changing strategy on the part of both nations. This essay will establish the state of the special relationship between the UK and the United States prior to the election of Barack Obama before exploring the political, economic and social changes that occurred in the wake of his inauguration. This will be done with a view to concluding that 2008 was a watershed for the special relationship as a result of changing US and UK priorities, transitional leadership and the global financial crisis. However, despite the evolution of the special relationship as a result of a shifting global political and economic climate, it is still a key strategic alliance that is relevant to the security of both states and the international community as a whole today. Prior to 2008, the special relationship between the UK and US had the purpose of forming close cooperation between the two in terms of nuclear weapons technology, economic activity, trade and military planning and execution, amongst other areas (Wither, 2006). In the immediate aftermath of World War II, it forged a mutual recovery and support in the rebuilding of states that had been damaged by the war with the added point of America becoming the global leader (Arnold, 2014; Friedman, 2007). Lee (2010) argues that the UK was the weaker partner throughout the second half of the 20th century was a result of the fact that the defence cooperation between the two was dominated by the US, who had larger strategic forces and often demanded UK cooperation in initiatives during the Cold War. Wright (2002) supplements this perspective and notes that this imbalance persisted into the 21st century as a result of the UKs backing of George W. Bushs act ions in the wake of 9/11 in exchange for maintaining British influence internationally. The British support for US foreign and security policy in the aftermath of 9/11, particularly the 2003 invasion of Iraq, suggested that the special relationship remained strong despite the fact that it did not have popular support in Britain and raised significant questions as to whether it was in the best interests of the UK to follow American international strategy (Dumbrell, 2009). However, regardless of the controversy that surrounded the actions of both nations, there can be little doubt that there were strong political, strategic and military links in place prior to the election of Obama in 2008. Following Obamas election in 2008, the special relationship has been called into question as a direct result of the ideological disparities between the new President and his predecessor. Obamas diplomatic objectives and strategic goals departed significantly from the approach taken towards allia nces and security by George W. Bush. For example, Dumbrell (2009) notes that Obama had an ambivalence towards the protectionist strategy that had previously been employed and those applying pressure on the president to continue to pursue it as well as committing to diplomacy with other European states to encourage engagement in Afghanistan. As such, the foundation of the special relationship had become distorted as a direct result of the fact that Obama did not wish to prioritise relations with Britain in order to secure an ally in the international community based on a traditional mutual need. Indeed, both Gordon Brown and Barack Obama sought to address global issues like climate change (Dumbrell, 2013) and the restructuring of international institutions to create an effective and efficient global society (Dumbrell, 2008). These issues were not prioritised on Bushs agenda and the cooperation between the US and UK on them provides evidence of a shift in focus. However, the fact that both pledged to cooperate on matters of international rather than domestic importance does underscore the fact that diplomatic and political relations were still in place despite Obamas determination to redefine US foreign policy. As such, the special relationship did change in the field of diplomacy but remained resolutely in place. In highlighting Obamas tentative departure from the traditional American protectionist stance, Dumbrell (2009) also drew attention to the fact that Obama sought to build military alliances to strengthen his position in Afghanistan and this also impacted upon that particular aspect of the special relationship. For example, Self (2010) states that Obama exerted pressure on the British government into committing more troops to the ongoing war in Afghanistan. This was done via coercive rhetoric in a bid to overcome policy differences that were geared towards protecting the British national interest in a time of economic crisis. As such, there was signif icant conflict in the area of military cooperation because of the circumstances that had changed the priorities of both nations. The military element of the special relationship also evolved after the inauguration of Obama in other ways that were directly linked to the shift in American strategic priorities (Wither, 2006). For example, Wither (2006, p. 47) argues that: the longstanding defence partnership is threatened by a number of factors, including interoperability problems, the UKs national and defence spending priorities, the likely impact of a decision to replace Trident and the decline in the importance of the transatlantic strategic partnership in NATO. This identifies several areas where US priorities were distinctly different to those of the UK and therefore marks a major disjunction between the policies of both. This had not existed before as the UK had actively supported the US in its global endeavours, often without question (Dumbrell, 2009). There can be no doub t that the UK was not able to do so to the same extent after 2008. British military capabilities were significantly reduced in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, which raised significant questions about the UKs ability to contribute to global security as well as compromising any future usefulness in collaborative overseas operations (Wither, 2006). This was also paired with a reluctance to aid Obama via bilateral agreements to take action overseas, with a prime example being parliaments rejection of Prime Minister David Camerons proposal to ally with Obama and commit to air strikes in Syria in 2013 and the resultant strained relationship between the two leaders (Rothkopf, 2014). As a consequence, the special relationship had fundamentally changed in numerous ways based upon the reluctance of the UK to tow the American line and the frustration that manifested in the military relationship between the two, at least on a governmental level if not on the ground where cooperati on did occur. Although cooperation may not have been as forthcoming in a military context as it had been prior to 2008, there are areas of policy and the special relationship in which new forms of cooperation flourished. For example, according to Wallace and Phillips (2009, p, 263), the US-UK special relationship today has a political and ideological superstructure and an embedded military and intelligence substructure. This suggests that there is active cooperation between the two in the intelligence sphere and that is reinforced by the creation of a National Security Strategy Board, which was designed to provide a clear line of communication between officials in the UK and the US to discuss security and strategy as and when necessary (Watt, 2011). In addition, there are ongoing intelligence operations that require cooperation between the two, most notably the running of CIA networks within British communities in conjunction with MI5 in order to prevent terrorist attacks (Svends on, 2010). In effect, stronger links have developed in this particular area of the relationship and illuminate how it has changed based upon need. The economic aspect of the special relationship also demands scrutiny. Despite the global economic crisis that damaged both the US and UK economies significantly there is extensive economic activity that ties them together, including trade and investment that renders each the largest investor in the other (Foreign Affairs Committee, 2010). This irrevocably bound the nations together and provided a point of cooperation that was seemingly unaffected by global goals as it benefitted both nations. Indeed, Stacey et al (2015, n. pag.) note that Obama perceived the US and UK economies as the two that were standing out at a time when a lot of other countries are having problems at the beginning of 2015, thus ostensibly reaffirming the special relationship publically. The implication here is that the strength of both economies reinforced the r elationship as a result of the ongoing benefits that both nations were able to reap from the situation. It should be noted that there were points of disagreement, such as the fact that Obama sought to insert clauses into World Trade Organisation UK stimulus packages that were designed to protect American industry and jobs. However, these did not actively impact upon the economic support or cooperation that one provided the other. In effect, this particular area of the special relationship changed very little despite the global economic climate and the uncertainty it introduced impacting upon other areas. However, despite the changes to the special relationship illustrated above, there are certain elements of it that have altered little since 2008. For example, despite the fact that Obama has favoured a partnership with the collective of European states rather than one nation, the UK is still the weaker partner in the relationship: relief that [Obamas] first phone call to a Europe an leader was to Gordon Brown, indicates how dependent Britains claim to global status is on Washingtons approval (Wallace Phillips, 2009, p. 283). Although the UK is no longer a bridge to Europe as a result of Obamas desire to establish relationships with the European Union and its individual states (Cameron, 2007), it still maintains the closest relationship of all European states to the US and continues to be its closest ally. This is important in determining how far the special relationship had changed and denotes the presence of common ground that has endured from the end of World War II and is still in place. In conclusion, the analysis in this essay points to the special relationship between the UK and United States undergoing a fundamental change in the wake of the election of President Barack Obama in 2008. Although the channels of communication remained open and were consolidated as a result of cooperation in the field of intelligence and via the new National Security Strategy Board, the strategic goals of both nations were undoubtedly impacted by economic crisis, involvement on a changing international stage and the need to develop enhanced relations with other European nations. There is also evidence of friction between the two nations and this manifests in an unwillingness to support the other unless initiatives and policies were also in the national interest. These points outline how the special relationship changed on an ideological and a practical level. However, the economic element of the special relationship remained intact, in spite of the attempts by the US government to insert clauses into stimulus agreements to aid the American economy, and this underlined the remaining importance of each power to the other. As such, the analysis reinforces the idea that 2008 was a watershed for the US-UK special relationship as a result of the impact that changing priorities, transitional leadership and the global financial crisis had on both nation s. There has certainly been a need for the evolution of the special relationship as a result of a shifting global political and economic climate but the relations between the US and UK still facilitate the maintenance of a key strategic alliance that is relevant to the security of both states and responds to the demand for global leadership by the international community today. Bibliography Arnold, G., (2014). America and Britain: Was There Ever a Special Relationship. London: C. Hurst Co. Cameron, F., (2007). An Introduction to European Foreign Policy. London: Routledge. Churchill, W., (2015). The Sinews of Peace (Iron Curtain Speech). The Churchill Centre. [Online] Available at: https://www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1946-1963-elder-statesman/the-sinews-of-peace [Accessed 17 October 2015]. Dumbrell, J., (2009). Hating Bush, Supporting Washington: George W. Bush, Anti-Americanism and the US-UK Special Relationship. In J. Dumbrell A. Schafer eds. Americas Special Relationships: Foreign and Domestic Aspects of the Politics of Alliance. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 45-59. Dumbrell, J., (2013). Personal Diplomacy: Relations Between Prime Ministers and Presidents. In A. Dobson S. Marsh eds. Anglo-American Relations: Contemporary Perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 82-104. Dumbrell, J., (2008). The US-UK Special Relationship: Taking the 21st C entury Temperature. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 11, pp. 64-78. Foreign Affairs Committee, (2010). Global Security: UK-US Relations. London: The Stationary Office. Friedman, N., (2007). The Fifty-Year War: Conflict and Strategy in the Cold War. Washington DC: Naval Institute Press. Lee, L., (2010). US Hegemony and International Legitimacy. Abingdon: Routledge. Rothkopf, D., (2014). National Insecurity: Can Obamas Foreign Policy Be Saved? Foreign Policy. [Online] Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/09/09/national-insecurity/ [Accessed 21 October 2015]. Self, R., (2010). British Foreign and Defence Policy Since 1945: Challenges and Dilemmas in a Changing World. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Stacey, K., Dyer, G. Murphy, M., (2015). David Cameron and Barack Obama Reaffirm Special Relationship. Financial Times. [Online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7dfb3402-9d9f-11e4-8946-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3pD1jb3YF [Accessed 20 October 2015]. Svendson, A., (2010). Intelligence Cooperation and the War on Terror: Anglo-American Security Relations After 9/11. Abingdon: Routledge. Wallace, W. Phillips, C., (2009). Reassessing the Special Relationship. International Affairs, 85:2, pp. 263-284. Watt, N., (2011). Barack Obama Agrees to Form Joint National Security Body with UK. The Guardian. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/23/barack-obama-security-board-with-uk [Accessed 20 October 2015]. Wither, J., (2006). An Endangered Partnership: The Anglo American Defence Relationship in the Early Twenty-First Century. European Security, 15:1, pp. 47-65. Wright, B., (2002). Analysis: Anglo-American Special Relationship. BBC. [Online] Available at: https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1913522.stm [Accessed 20 October 2015].